Information Analyses
To resolve 1st collection of research questions concerning the prevalence of nonheterosexual product on tv, we utilized episode-level information ( e.g., percentages of episodes containing same-sex intimate behavior and containing explore intercourse linked to nonheterosexuals) and chi-square analyses to look at between-group distinctions by using these nominal information. When it comes to 2nd pair of research concerns, we used just those demonstrates that included nonheterosexual intimate content and assessed their frequency across 2-minute periods ( ag e.g., range intervals each hour of system time with nonheterosexual intimate talk). Of these analyses, we utilized t-tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA) to check team distinctions. Significant omnibus F-tests had been followed up with post hoc comparisons making use of Tamhane’s T2 test, which will xxxstreams.c9m not assume equal cellular size or equal variance, to spot significant distinctions across teams.
Outcomes
Prevalence of Nonheterosexual Sexual Information
About one in six programs inside our examples included any sexual content (behavior or talk) regarding nonheterosexuals. Table 1 shows the portion of indicates that contained any same-sex behavior that is sexual any intimate talk associated with nonheterosexuals by system genres, by form of system, and also by time of day aired. The 11 stations were classified into one of three categories: commercial broadcast (which included the three major networks ABC, CBS, and NBC as well as Fox, UPN, and WB), cable music entertainment (which included BET and MTV), and premium cable movie (which included Cinemax, HBO, and Showtime) for network type. Pertaining to period of time broadcast, had been classified as prime-time.
Dining Dining Table 1
Note: Within form of community and period of day aired, percentages within the exact same line that don’t share subscripts vary at p dining dining dining Table 1 ). In many instances, there was clearly a high level of correspondence between a genre’s general ratings for same-sex behavior that is sexual mention nonheterosexual intimate problems. Also, genres’ standings on both these factors had been fairly stable over the two tv periods.
Three genres had been regularly lower in both types of nonheterosexual sexual content: Children’s cartoons (none of which contained behavior that is intimate intimate talk associated with nonheterosexuals in either 12 months), news mags . 3 Genres that had a tendency to possess the best proportions of programs with nonheterosexual content had been variety/comedy and film that is feature. Made-for-TV films and programs classified as “other” additionally had reasonably high proportions with nonheterosexual content that is sexual nonetheless, both these groups included just a small amount of programs ), which makes it hard to draw conclusions about them. Consequently, although we consist of these second two genres into the tables, we usually do not emphasize the findings connected with them.
Network-type evaluations
Note: Within types of community and period of day aired, means within the column that is same don’t share subscripts differ at p 1 For simplicity of presentation, we utilize the term “nonheterosexual” to mention collectively to any or all people whose intimate orientation is certainly not solely heterosexual, including gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals of either intercourse.
2 one other sexual behavior category had been utilized to recapture all the other forms of intimate tasks that would not end up in the categories specified flirting, kissing, intimate touching, sexual activity implied, and intercourse depicted including low-level intimate functions such as for example leering to high-level sexual functions such as for example masturbation and bondage and control.
4 Because our examples consist of programs from both broadcast that is commercial cable systems, we utilized a regular product quantity of 2-minute intervals each hour of program time as opposed to amount of 2-minute intervals per 1-hour show to evaluate the regularity of intimate behavior and discuss sex linked to nonheterosexuals. This makes up the fact commercials considerably decrease the amount of program content on broadcast networks to about 22 two-minute periods in a program that is one-hour whereas 1-hour cable programs routinely have about 30 two-minute periods.
